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The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was created in 1996 by Dr. Ziad Nasreddine in Montreal, Quebec. It was validated in the setting of mild cognitive impairment, and has subsequently been adopted in numerous other settings clinically. The MoCA test is a one-page 30-point test administered in approximately 10 minutes. The test and administration instructions are freely accessible for clinicians at www.mocatest.org. The test is available in 55 languages or dialects. There are alternate forms designed for use in longitudinal settings. There is also a Basic form to test illiterate or subjects with lower education. The MoCA assesses several cognitive domains. The short-term memory recall task (5 points) involves two learning trials of five nouns and delayed recall after approximately 5 minutes. Visuospatial abilities are assessed using a clock-drawing task (3 points) and a three-dimensional cube copy (1 point). Multiple aspects of executive functions are assessed using an alternation task adapted from the trail-making B task (1 point), a phonemic fluency task (1 point), and a two-item verbal abstraction task (2 points). Attention, concentration and working memory are evaluated using a sustained attention task (target detection using tapping; 1 point), a serial subtraction task (3 points), and digits forward and backward (1 point each). Language is assessed using a three-item confrontation naming task with low-familiarity animals (lion, camel, rhinoceros; 3 points), repetition of two syntactically complex sentences (2 points), and the aforementioned fluency task. Finally, orientation to time and place is evaluated (6 points). ==Validation study== The MoCA test validation study (Nasreddine ''et al.'', 2005) has shown the MoCA to be a promising tool for detecting Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Early Alzheimer's disease compared with the well-known Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). However, it had been established that the MMSE is not well suited for mild cognitive impairment, which raises the question whether it is an adequate "standard" to compare performance with the MoCA. According to the validation study (Nasreddine ''et al.'', 2005), the sensitivity and specificity of the MoCA for detecting MCI (n=94 subjects) were 90% and 87% respectively, compared with 18% and 100% respectively for the MMSE. Subsequent work in other settings are less promising, though generally superior to the MMSE. In the same study, the sensitivity and specificity of the MoCA for detecting Early AD (n=93 subjects) were 100% and 87% respectively, compared with 78% and 100% respectively for the MMSE. Normal Controls (n=90 subjects) had an average age of 72.84 and average education of 13.33 years. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Montreal Cognitive Assessment」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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